Naproxen: What It Is and How to Use It Safely

Naproxen is an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) used for pain, inflammation, and fever. You’ll see it as naproxen sodium (OTC Aleve) or as prescription naproxen (Naprosyn, Anaprox). It fights the chemicals that cause pain and swelling, so people use it for headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, menstrual cramps, and gout.

Common doses and practical tips

OTC naproxen sodium usually comes as 220 mg tablets. Adults commonly take 220 mg every 8–12 hours; you can take 440 mg for the first dose if needed. Don’t exceed 660 mg in 24 hours unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Prescription naproxen doses are higher and vary by condition—follow your prescriber’s directions exactly.

Take naproxen with food or milk to lower the chance of stomach upset. Drink plenty of water unless your doctor says otherwise. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time that controls your symptoms.

Side effects, risks, and interactions

The most common side effects are stomach pain, heartburn, and dizziness. More serious risks include stomach ulcers, GI bleeding, kidney problems, and increased heart attack or stroke risk—especially with long-term use or high doses.

Don’t mix naproxen with blood thinners (warfarin), many SSRIs, or other NSAIDs—this raises bleeding risk. It can reduce the effectiveness of some blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics). Be cautious if you take lithium or methotrexate—levels can rise. Tell your doctor about all medicines you take.

Avoid naproxen in the third trimester of pregnancy because it can affect the baby’s heart (ductus arteriosus) and cause labor problems. If you’re breastfeeding, check with your provider. Don’t drink a lot of alcohol while taking naproxen — alcohol plus NSAIDs raises the chance of stomach bleeding.

Watch for warning signs: black or bloody stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, or swelling in your legs—get medical help right away. If you have a history of ulcers, heart disease, kidney disease, or uncontrolled high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before using naproxen.

If you need long-term pain control, ask about alternatives or protective measures: topical NSAIDs, acetaminophen (for pain without inflammation), physical therapy, or a proton-pump inhibitor to protect the stomach in certain cases. Your clinician can weigh risks and benefits based on your health history.

Store naproxen at room temperature, out of reach of kids. Don’t crush extended-release tablets. Keep the bottle tightly closed and follow expiry dates. If a pill doesn’t look right, don’t take it—ask your pharmacist.

Questions about dose, mixing with other drugs, or whether naproxen is right for your situation? Ask your doctor or pharmacist. They can give advice tailored to your health and help you stay safe while managing pain.