Arthritis medication: how to choose safe, effective treatments

Arthritis medicine can cut pain, slow joint damage, or both. But not all drugs work the same, and some come with real risks to your kidneys, stomach, or immune system. If you want relief without surprises, here’s a straight talk about the common options and how to use them wisely.

How arthritis medicines work

There are a few main types. NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, meloxicam, etoricoxib) reduce inflammation and pain fast. Steroids (oral or cortisone injections) tame flares quickly but shouldn’t be used constantly. DMARDs—like methotrexate or newer biologics—slow disease progress and protect joints. Simple pain relievers like acetaminophen can help with mild aches. Topical creams or patches give targeted relief with less systemic risk.

Each class targets different causes. NSAIDs block enzymes that cause inflammation. Steroids change immune response broadly. DMARDs change the immune system long-term to prevent damage. That’s why treatment often combines short‑term pain control with longer‑term disease management.

Practical tips for picking and using meds

Start with goals: do you want quick pain relief, control of daily symptoms, or to slow disease? For short-term pain, OTC NSAIDs or topical diclofenac can work. If pain is severe, your doctor might suggest a prescription NSAID—know that drugs like etoricoxib can hurt kidney function in some people, especially if you’re dehydrated or already have kidney disease.

Steroid shots help flares but repeated injections can weaken tissue and raise blood sugar. Toradol (ketorolac) is powerful for short use but can harm kidneys and increase bleeding risk—do not use it for long stretches.

If your arthritis looks like it will damage joints over time (like rheumatoid arthritis), ask about DMARDs or biologics. These need monitoring—blood tests for liver, kidneys, and infection risk are routine. Before starting biologics, doctors usually check for TB and update vaccines.

Protect your stomach and kidneys: talk to your doctor about taking the lowest effective NSAID dose and whether a PPI (acid reducer) is needed to prevent ulcers. Stay hydrated and avoid mixing multiple NSAIDs or combining them with other blood thinners unless advised.

Think beyond pills: physical therapy, weight control, braces, and joint injections can reduce drug needs. Supplements like glucosamine help some people but don’t replace prescribed treatments.

Always tell your provider about all medicines you take, including OTC drugs and herbal supplements. Watch for warning signs—worsening shortness of breath, sudden swelling, black stools, or reduced urine output—and seek care quickly.

Want quick next steps? Write down your pain pattern, current meds, and any health problems (kidney, stomach, heart). Bring that list to your appointment and ask which drug matches your goals and risks. Good questions get better choices and fewer surprises.